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General Studies Paper I · Subtopic

Physical science foundations

Official syllabus

General Science.

UPSC CSE 2026 notification

What this covers

Physical science describes motion, energy and interactions through measurable quantities. Speed uses distance travelled per unit time; velocity also specifies direction through displacement. Pressure is force distributed over area, not another name for force.

Key ideas

  • speed and velocity
  • force and pressure
  • current and potential difference
  • reflection and refraction

Official wording is from UPSC's Civil Services Examination 2026 notification, the current baseline for CSE 2027 preparation. Always check the latest notification at upsc.gov.in. Scopes and key ideas are CSE One's study map and are being expanded.

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