General Studies Paper II (CSAT) · Subtopic
Arithmetic and proportional reasoning
Official syllabus
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X level);
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
A proportion compares two ratios. A percentage names a fraction of a specified base; an average compresses observations and may hide their distribution.
Key ideas
- ratio
- proportion
- percentage
- average
- rate