General Studies I · Subtopic
Volcanic activity
Official syllabus
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
Trace magma formation and ascent to eruption products, landforms, hazards and longer-term environmental change.
Key ideas
- Magma and lava
- Intrusive and extrusive activity
- Eruption products
- Landforms
- Hazards and benefits