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General Studies Paper I · Topic

Economic and social development

Official syllabus

Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

UPSC CSE 2026 notification

What this covers

Economic development concerns production, livelihoods and public resources; social development examines distribution, opportunity and human well-being. A measure is meaningful only with its definition, unit, period and population, especially when comparing poverty or inclusion claims.

Key ideas

  • Sustainable development
  • Poverty
  • Inclusion
  • Demographics
  • Social sector initiatives

Subtopics 5

  1. 01Sustainable developmentSustainable development requires considering material well-being, social inclusion and environmental limits together.
  2. 02PovertyPoverty may refer to income, consumption or multiple deprivations.
  3. 03InclusionInclusion asks whether people can participate in and benefit from development.
  4. 04DemographicsDemography studies population composition and change.
  5. 05Social sector initiativesSocial-sector initiatives address needs such as health, education and skills.

Official wording is from UPSC's Civil Services Examination 2026 notification, the current baseline for CSE 2027 preparation. Always check the latest notification at upsc.gov.in. Scopes and key ideas are CSE One's study map and are being expanded.

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