General Studies II · Subtopic
Amendments
Official syllabus
Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
Explain constitutional amendment routes and why procedural validity and substantive limits must be analyzed separately; verify contemporary amendment claims against the current official text.
Key ideas
- Article 368
- Amendment routes
- Federal ratification
- Constitutional change
- Judicial review