General Studies II · Topic
Comparative constitutional schemes
Official syllabus
Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
Compare constitutional institutions by equivalent questions and legal effects, separating formal text, conventions and actual practice.
Key ideas
- Comparative method
- Executive–legislative relations
- Distribution of powers
- Rights and review
- Limits of institutional transfer
Subtopics 4
- 01Bases for constitutional comparisonEstablish comparable units and distinguish a single codified text from an uncodified collection of constitutional sources.
- 02Executive-legislative relationsCompare formation, tenure and accountability of parliamentary and presidential executives without assuming complete separation or identical…
- 03Federal and unitary arrangementsCompare how constitutions allocate authority across levels, settle conflicting laws and permit institutional change.
- 04Rights review and accountabilityCompare the legal source of rights, the review power and available remedies while distinguishing review of government action from invalidation of…