General Studies III · Subtopic
Financing and risk allocation
Official syllabus
Investment models.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
Financing identifies who supplies capital and on what repayment terms; risk allocation identifies who bears an uncertain event and can manage it.
Key ideas
- Equity, debt and grants
- Construction and demand risk
- Regulatory and force-majeure risk
- Guarantees
- Contingent liabilities