General Studies III · Topic
Investment models
Official syllabus
Investment models.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
An investment model allocates finance, construction, ownership, operating duties and risk.
Key ideas
- Public investment
- Private investment
- PPP
- Financing and risk
- Selection and accountability
Subtopics 5
- 01Public investmentPublic investment uses public resources to create or improve productive assets and services.
- 02Private investmentPrivate investment commits private capital in expectation of a return, subject to market, policy and financing risks.
- 03Public-private partnershipsA PPP is a long-term public-service or asset arrangement in which a public authority and private entity allocate duties and risks by contract.
- 04Financing and risk allocationFinancing identifies who supplies capital and on what repayment terms; risk allocation identifies who bears an uncertain event and can manage it.
- 05Model selection and accountabilitySelect an investment model by service need, lifecycle cost, risk, access and enforceable public accountability.