General Studies II · Subtopic
Judicial structure and functioning
Official syllabus
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
Map constitutional courts and subordinate adjudication by jurisdiction, independence and remedy rather than by an oversimplified ladder.
Key ideas
- Supreme Court
- High Courts
- Subordinate courts
- Original and appellate jurisdiction
- Writ remedies