General Studies III · Subtopic
Research and innovation ecosystems
Official syllabus
Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
UPSC CSE 2026 notification
What this covers
An innovation ecosystem links universities, laboratories, firms, funders, public agencies and users.
Key ideas
- Research institutions
- Funding and infrastructure
- Collaboration
- Translation and incubation
- Evaluation